ÎÄÕ¸ÙÒª£¨ÖÐÎÄ£©
ÎÄÕÂÕýÎÄ£¨Ê¹ÓÃMarkdownÃûÌã¬ÎÊÌâ¼Ó´Ö£¬ÄÚÈÝÏêʵÁ÷ͨ£©
˵µ½Ïã¸ÛµçÊӾ磬Ðí¶à·ÛË¿¿ÉÄÜ»áÒÔΪ£¬¸Û¾çµÄÅäÒô×Ü´øµã¡°Ï£Ææ¡±µÄζµÀ¡£ÕâÖÖ¸ÐÊܲ»µ«½öÊÇСÎÒ˽¼Òä¯ÀÀϰ¹ßµÄÎÊÌ⣬ÏÖʵÉÏ£¬Ëü±³ºóÒþ²Ø×ÅÒ»¶ÎÖØ´ó¶øÓÐȤµÄÀúÊ·ºÍÎäÒÕ´«³Ð¡£ÎªÊ²Ã´¸Û¾çµÄ¹úÓïÅäÒô×ÜÈÃÈËÒÔΪ¡°¹Ö¹ÖµÄ¡±ÄØ£¿½ñÌ죬ÎÒÃǾÍһ̽ÊÂʵ£¬»¹ÔÒ»¶Î¸Û¾çÅäÒôµÄ¹ÊÊ¡£
Ïã¸ÛµÄµçÊÓ¾çÔø·çÐÐÑÇÖÞ£¬ÉõÖÁÔÚÈ«Çò¶¼ÓµÓÐÖØ´óµÄ·ÛË¿»ù´¡¡£´Ó¡¶¹Å»ó×С·¡¶Ò»ÇðÖ®ºÑ¡·µ½¡¶äçÐķ籩¡·£¬Ã¿Ò»²¿¾ç¶¼ÔÚÓÃÆæÒìµÄÆø¸ÅÎüÒý¹ÛÖÚ¡£¿ÉÊÇ£¬ÅäÒôÎÊÌâʱ³£³ÉΪÕùÒéµÄ½¹µã¡£Ðí¶àÈË¿´¸Û¾çʱ£¬×ÜÒÔΪÅäÒôºÍÔÉùµÄ²î±ðÈÃÈ˳öÏ·£¬ÌØÊâÊÇÔÚ¹úÓïÅäÒôÉÏ¡£
ÔçÔÚ1960ÄêÔ£¬¸Û¾ç»¹Ã»ÓÐÕýʽ½¨ÉèÅäÒôϵͳ£¬Ðí¶à¾ç¼¯¶¼ÊÇÓÃÔÁÓïÂ¼ÖÆ¡£µ«Ëæ×ÅÊг¡À©´ó£¬×îÏÈÒýÈëÅäÒôÍŶӣ¬¶ÔÍâÓïÆ¬»¹Òª×ö´ó×ÚµÄÅäÒôÊÂÇé¡£
µ½ÁË1980ÄêÔ¼°Ö®ºó£¬¸Û¾ç×·Çó¶àÓïÖÖ²¥³ö£¬ÌØÊâÊÇͨË×»°£¨¹úÓ£¬ÐèҪרҵÅäÒôÔ±Ìæ»»ÑÝÔ±µĄ̈´Ê¡£ËäÈ»ÕâÔö½øÁËÅäÒôÒµµÄÉú³¤£¬µ«Ò²´øÀ´ÁËijЩ¡°¹ÖÒì¡±Æø¸ÅµÄÐγɡ£
ÆäʱµÄÖ÷ÒªÅäÒôÍŶӰüÀ¨¡°ÌìÓéÅäÒô¡±¡¢¡°ÒôÈÙ¡±µÈ£¬¶øÒ»Ð©×¨ÒµÐÔȱ·¦»òͶÈëÓÐÏÞµÄÍŶӣ¬¸üÈÝÒ×·ºÆðÉùÒô²»×ÔÈ»¡¢¿äÕŵÈÎÊÌâ¡£
¸Û¾çµÄ¹úÓïÅäÒôÍùÍù´øÓÐō֨µÄ¡°ÔÁζ¡±£¬ÕâÔÚÈÚºÏͨË×»°Ê±£¬ÈÝÒ×ÐγÉÒ»ÖÖ±ðÑùµÄ¡°Î¶µÀ¡±¡£ÓÐʱÉùÒôÌýÆðÀ´Æ«Ïò¿äÕÅ£¬´øµãÏ·ÚÊ¡£
Ðí¶àÅäÒôԱΪÁËÈĄ̃´Ê¸üÓÐÇéÐ÷£¬»áÓÿäÕŵÄÓïµ÷£¬ÉõÖÁһЩ¼ÙµÄÇéÐ÷£¬ÈÃÈËÒÔΪ¡°Æ«¼¤¡±»ò¡°Ï£Ææ¡±¡£
¸Û¾çÖеÄÅäÒôÑÝÔ±£¬ÊÜÔÁÓïÍ·ÄÔÓ°Ï죬ͨË×»°´øÓÐÔÁÇ»¿ÚÒô£¬ÓÈÆäÊÇ¡°RÉù¡±´¦Öóͷ£µÃ²»·ó×ÔÈ»£¬µ¼ÖÂÓëÑÝÔ±ÔÉù²î±ðºÜ´ó¡£
°ÑÔÁÓïת³ÉͨË×»°Ê±£¬ÔÓеÄÓïÆø¡¢Ï°¹ßºÍ±í´ïϰ¹ß»áɥʧ»ò±»Îó½â£¬µ¼ÖÂÌýÆðÀ´²»×ÔÈ»¡£
ÓÐЩÅäÒôÑÝÔ±ËäÈ»ÂÄÀú¸»ºñ£¬µ«ÎªÁ˸Ϲ¤»òÕßȱ·¦Éî¶ÈÃ÷È·½ÇÉ«£¬¿ÉÄÜ»áÓò»Êʵ±µÄÓïµ÷¡£
ÔçÆÚÊÖÒÕÌõ¼þÓÐÏÞ£¬Â¼Òô×°±¸µÄÏÞÖÆÒ²ÈÃÅäÒôЧ¹û²îÇ¿ÈËÒâ¡£¶ø¾Éʱ´úµÄºóÆÚ´¦Öóͷ£Ë®Æ½£¬²»¿ÉµÖ´ïÏÖ´úµÄϸÄå¡£
ÔÚ¿ìËÙ¸ú½ø¾ç¼¯µÄÅäÒôÊÂÇéʱ³£±»Ñ¹Ëõµ½¼«ÏÞ£¬ÒªÔÚ¶Ìʱ¼äÄÚÍê³É¸ßÖÊÁ¿ÅäÒô£¬ÖÊÁ¿×ÔÈ»²»Îȹ̡£
Ðí¶àÅäÒô´øÓÐÏÔ×ŵÄÔÁÓïÇ»µ÷»ò¿äÕŵÄÓïÆø£¬ÌýÆðÀ´ÏñÊÇÔÚ¡°Ñݳö¡±¶ø·Ç¡°Ñݳö¡±¡£
ÓÐʱÅäÒôÔ±»áÓÿäÕŵÄÇéÐ÷À´±í´ï½ÇÉ«£¬µ¼ÖÂÇéÐ÷É«²ÊÌ«¹ýÂþÒ磬·´¶øÈÃÈËÒÔΪ²»×ÔÈ»¡£
ÔÉùÑÝÔ±µÄϸÄåÌåÏÖ¾³£±»Ó²ÉúÉú¡°¼ôÌù¡±µ½ÅäÒôÖУ¬Ôì³ÉÆø¸Å²î±ðÏÔ×Å¡£
Ðí¶à¹ÛÖÚÌåÏÖ£¬¸Û¾çµÄÅäÒôÈÃËûÃÇÒÔΪ¡°ÏñÊÇÔÚ¿´»°¾ç¡±¡¢¡°ÓеãÀëÆ×¡±¡£
¡°ÉÁµçÅäÒô¡±ÊÇָһ֧רעÓÚ¸ßËÙ¡¢¸ßÆ·ÖÊÅäÒôµÄÍŶӣ¬ÓµÓи»ºñÂÄÀúºÍÏȽø×°±¸£¬¿ÉÒÔÔÚ¼«¶Ìʱ¼äÄÚÍê³É¸ßË®×¼ÅäÒô¡£
ËûÃÇ×·Çó×ÔÈ»¡¢Ìù½üÔÉùµÄÅäÒôÆø¸Å£¬½â¾ö¹Å°åÅäÒôÖС°Ï£Ææ¡±µÄÎÊÌâ¡£
´Ó¾ç±¾Éó¶Á¡¢ÑÝԱѡ°Î¡¢Â¼Òô¡¢ºóÆÚÖÆ×÷£¬µ½×îÖÕ½»¸¶£¬Ã¿Ò»²½¶¼ÑÏ¿á°Ñ¿Ø£¬È·±£ÖÊÁ¿¹ý¹Ø¡£
ËûÃÇÔøÎª¶à¸ö¸Û¾çºÍÓ°ÊÓÏîÄ¿ÌṩÅäÒôÖ§³Ö£¬»ñµÃÁËÊг¡ºÍ¹ÛÖÚµÄÒ»ÖÂºÃÆÀ£¬ÖØÐ½ç˵Á˸۾çµÄ¹úÓïÅäÒô±ê×¼¡£
ÔöǿרҵÅàѵ£¬ÈÃÅäÒôÔ±ÕæÕýÃ÷È·½ÇÉ«ºÍÓïÑÔµÄϸ΢²î±ð¡£
Ó¦ÓÃÈ˹¤ÖÇÄÜ¡¢ÔëÉùÏû³ýµÈÊÖÒÕ£¬Ìá¸ß¼ÒôÖÊÁ¿ºÍ×ÔÈ»¶È¡£
Á¬ÏµÔÁÓïºÍͨË×»°µÄÎÄ»¯Ìص㣬ÈÃÅäÒô¸üÌù½ü½ÇÉ«Ôζ¡£
°ü¹Ü¸»×ãµÄÖÆ×÷ʱ¼äºÍºÏÀíÔ¤Ë㣬ÈÃÅäÒôÊÂÇé²»»Åæ´Ö²Ú¡£
¸Û¾çµÄÅäÒô¡°Ï£Ææ¡±²»µ«½öÊÇÃÀѧÎÊÌ⣬¸üÔ´ÓÚ³¤Ê±¼äµÄÀúÊ·ÒÅÁô¡¢ÊÖÒÕ¾ÖÏÞºÍÖÆ×÷ÇéÐεÄÏÞÖÆ¡£Ëæ×ÅÊÖÒÕµÄǰ½øºÍרҵÍŶӵÄÒ»Ö±Æð¾¢£¬Î´À´µÄ¸Û¾çÅäÒôÒ»¶¨»á±äµÃÔ½·¢×ÔÈ»¡¢Ìù½ü¹ÛÖÚµÄÐÄÉù¡£¡¾ÉÁµçÅäÒô¡¿ÕýÊÇÖúÁ¦¸Û¾ç×ßÏò¸ü¸ßˮƽµÄÏ£ÍûËùÔÚ¡£
1. ¸Û¾çÅäÒôΪʲô»áÈÃÈËÒÔΪ¡°Ï£Ææ¡±£¿ ÓÉÓÚÅäÒôÔ±µÄÓïµ÷¡¢¿ÚÒô¡¢ÇéÐ÷±í´ï·½·¨¶¼´øÓÐō֨µÄÔÁÓï棬»òÕß¹ýÓÚ¿äÕÅ£¬È±ÉÙ×ÔÈ»Á÷ͨµÄ¸ÐÊÜ¡£
2. ÔõÑùÆÀ¼Û¸Û¾çÖеÄÅäÒôÑÝÔ±£¿ ´ó´ó¶¼ÅäÒôԱרҵ£¬Æð¾¢µ«ÊÜÏÞÓÚÊÖÒÕºÍÇéÐΣ»²¿·ÖÔòÒòÂÄÀúȱ·¦»ò¾ç±¾ÎÊÌ⣬ÌåÏÖ²»¼Ñ¡£
3. ÓÐÄÄЩ·½·¨ÄܸÄÉÆ¸Û¾çµÄÅäÒôÖÊÁ¿£¿ ÒýÈë¸ü¶àרҵÅäÒôÍŶӡ¢½ÓÄÉÏȽøÊÖÒÕ¡¢ÔöÇ¿ÑÝÔ±ÅàѵÒÔ¼°°ü¹ÜÖÆ×÷ʱ¼ä¡£
4. ¡¾ÉÁµçÅäÒô¡¿ºÍÆäËûÅäÒôÍŶÓÓÐʲô²î±ð£¿ ËûÃÇÇ¿µ÷¸ßЧ¡¢×ÔÈ»µÄÅäÒôÌåÑ飬ʹÓÃÏȽø×°±¸ºÍÁ÷³Ì£¬È·±£Ã¿Ò»²¿×÷Æ·¶¼µÖ´ï¸ßˮƽ¡£
5. ¸Û¾çµÄδÀ´ÅäÒô»á±äµÃ¸üºÃÂ𣿠ֻҪÐÐÒµÒ»Á¬Í¶ÈëÊÖÒÕºÍÈ˲ţ¬ÅäÒôµÄ×ÔÈ»¶ÈºÍÖÊÁ¿Ò»¶¨»áÖð²½ÌáÉý¡£
Ï£ÍûÕâÆªÎÄÕÂÄܰïÄãÏàʶ¸Û¾çÅäÒôÄÇЩ¡°Ï£Ææ¡±µÄÉñÃØ£¬Ò²ÈÃÎÒÃÇÔ½·¢ÆÚ´ýδÀ´Ô½·¢¾«²ÊµÄ¸Û¾ç£¡