ʱ´úÅ侰ϵĻéÒöÖÏϢͼÆ×
×÷ΪÕѺÍÄêÔÂÉç»áתÐÍÆÚµÄ¾µÏñͶÉ䣬¡¶ÕѺͱ³µÂĽÇé:˺ÁÑµÄØøÙ³Ö®°®¡·¿ªÆª¼´ÒÔÀä¾þµÄ¹ã½Ç¾µÍ·Õ¹ÏÖ¶«¾©Òø×ùÒ¹¾°£¬ÄÞºçµÆ¹ÜÔÚÓêÄ»ÖÐŤÇúµÄ¹âӰԤʾÁË»éÒö¹ØÏµµÄ±äÐΡ£Ó°Æ¬½ÓÄɱàÄêÌåÐðʽṹ£¬½«1964Äê¶«¾©°ÂÔË»á×¼±¸ÆÚµÄÉç»áÔ궯ÓëÖ÷½Ç¼ÒͥΣ»ú²¢Ö÷ºÆð¡£ÄÐÖ÷È˹«×÷Ϊ֤ȯ¾«Ó¢µÄÎ÷×°¸ïÂÄ£¬ÓëÆÞ×ӺͷþÊøÑüµÄÑ¹ÖÆÔìÐÍÐγÉÊÓ¾õ³åÍ»£¬ÕâÖÖ×Å×°·ûºÅѧ£¨semiotics£©µÄÔËÓþ«×¼ÕÛÉä³ö¾¼ÃÌÚ·ÉÆÚÈÕ±¾¹Å°å¼ÒÍ¥Â×ÀíµÄÍ߽⡣
±³µÂĽÇéµÄË«ÖØ½â¶Áά¶È
µ¼Ñݽñ´å²ýƽѧÉúdzҰÖÒÐÅÔÚ¸ÃÆ¬ÖÐÑÓÐøÁË"Çù³æÃÀѧ"µÄ´´×÷ÀíÄͨ¹ý²Í×À·ÖʳÇïµ¶ÓãµÄÒ»Ñùƽ³£³¡¾°£¬°µÓ÷ØøÙ³¹ØÏµµÄ¸¯»µÀú³Ì¡£µ±¾µÍ·¾Û½¹ÓãÑÛÖé·´¹âµÄÌØÐ´Ê±£¬¹ÛÖÚÊÇ·ñÒâʶµ½ÕâÕýÊǽÇÉ«ÐÄÌïÌìϵľµÏñ£¿Ó°Æ¬ÎÊÌâÖеÄ"ĽÇé"¼È¿É½â¶ÁΪ¶Ô½û¼ÉÖ®°®µÄÅÎÔ¸£¬Ò²°µº¬¶ÔÏûÊÅʱ´ú¾«Éñ£¨Zeitgeist£©µÄ»³¾É¡£¾çÖÐÄÐÅ®Ö÷½ÇÔÚ°Ù»õ¹«Ë¾¶¥Â¥ÓÎÀÖ³¡µÄ͵Ç鳡¾°£¬ÐýתľÂíµÄÔ²ÖÜÔ˶¯Ç¡ÈçÆä·ÖµØÏóÕ÷ÁËÆ·µÂÄæ¾³µÄÑ»·Íù¸´¡£
¸ßÇåÐÞ¸´ÏµÄÊÓÌýÓïÑÔ½âÂë
×îÐÂÐû²¼µÄ4KÐÞ¸´°æÇ¿»¯ÁËÔ×÷µÄÊÓ¾õ±í´ïϵͳ¡£Ó°Ï·µÚ38·ÖÖӵij¤¾µÍ·£¨long take£©µ÷Àí¿°³Æ¾µä£º´ÓÕÉ·òÎ÷×°¿Ú´üÀïµÄÇéÈËÐżþÀ½¹ÖÁÆÞ×Ó²ü¶¶µÄºÍ·þÑü´ø£¬¾°Éîת±äÌåÏÖÉñÃØ¼´½«°ÜÊ¡£Êý×ÖÐÞ¸´ÊÖÒÕ¾«×¼»¹ÔÁËÕѺÍʱ´úÌØÓеĽº¾í¿ÅÁ£ÖʸУ¬Ê¹é½é½Ã׿ռäÄڵĹâÓ°ÌõÀí¸ü¾ßºôÎü¸Ð¡£ÔÚÁ÷ýÌåÆ½Ì¨Ô¢Ä¿Ê±½¨Ò鿪ÆôHDRģʽ£¬¿ÉÇåÎúÇø·ÖÉîÒ¹¶Ô»°³¡¾°ÖÐÆÁ·ç»æÖƵÄËɺ×ͼ°¸£¬¸ÃÒâÏóÒþÓ÷×ű»Çô½ûµÄ»éÒö״̬¡£
Á½ÐÔ½ÇÉ«µÄȨÁ¦½á¹¹µ¹ÖÃ
Óë¹Å°å¼ÒÍ¥¾ç²î±ð£¬±¾Æ¬¹¹½¨ÁËÆæÒìµÄÐÔ±ðÕþÖΣ¨gender politics£©Í¼Æ×¡£µ±ÕÉ·òÂÙÂäÓÚÒø×ù¾ãÀÖ²¿µÄȨÁ¦ÓÎϷʱ£¬ÆÞ×Óͨ¹ý²Ù¿Ø¼ÒÍ¥Õ˲¾ÊµÑéÒþÃØ»¹»÷¡£Ó°Æ¬ÖжηºÆðµÄÎ÷Ñó¾µµÀ¾ßÆÄ¾ßÉîÒ⣬¾µÃæ·´ÉäµÄË鯬»¯Ó°ÏñÌåÏÖ׎ÇÉ«Éí·ÝµÄ¶àÖØÐÔ¡£ÖµµÃ¹Ø×¢µÄÊÇÈȳ±¶ÎÂäµÄÌìÎĹݳ¡¾°£ºÆÞ×ÓÔÚñ·¶¥Í¶Ó°ÏµĶÀ°×£¬½«Ð¡ÎÒ˽¼ÒÔËÆøÓëÒøºÓÐǹ첢Ö㬽⹹Á˹Űå¼ÒÍ¥ÐðÊÂÖеÄÄÐÐÔ»°Óï°ÔȨ¡£
ÏÖ´ú¹ÛÖڵĹ²Ê¶´¥µãÆÊÎö
Ö»¹Ü¹ÊÊÂÖ²¸ùÕѺÍÄêÔ£¬µ«Ó°Æ¬Õ¹ÏֵĻéÒöÀ§¾ÖÈÔ¾ßÓпçʱ´ú¹²ÇéÁ¦¡£½ñÊÀ¹ÛÖÚÔÚÁ÷ýÌåÆ½Ì¨Ô¢Ä¿Ê±£¬ÊÇ·ñ»áÔÚØøÙ³ÀäÕ½µÄ²Í×ÀÉÏÍû¼û×Ô¼ºµÄÓ°×Ó£¿Ó°Ï·ÖÐÖØ¸´·ºÆðµÄµç»°×ªÅÌÌØÐ´£¬ÏÖÔÚÒÑÑÝ»¯ÎªÖÇÄÜÊÖ»úÆÁÄ»µÄÖ¸ÎÆ»®ºÛ¡£µ¼ÑݽÓÄɼäÀëЧ¹û£¨alienation effect£©´¦Öóͷ£Ç×ÃÜÏ··Ý£¬ÆÈʹ¹ÛÖÚÌøÍÑÁÔÆæÊӽǣ¬·´Ë¼½ñÊÀÇ×ÃܹØÏµÖеÄÐÅÈÎΣ»ú¡£ÔÚÃâ·ÑԢĿƽ̨µÄÈÈÃÅ̸ÂÛÇø£¬³¬42%µÄÁôÑÔ¶¼Ö¸Ïò¾çÖÐ"ĬȻÔç²Í"³¡¾°µÄÐÄÀíÕðÉåÁ¦¡£
ÒÕÊõÓ°Ï·µÄ¹ÛÓ°Õ½ÂÔ½¨Òé
Ϊ³äÇå³þÈ·ÕⲿÂ×ÀíÌâ²Ä½Ü×÷£¬½¨Òé¹ÛÖÚ½ÓÄÉ×Ô¶¯½âÂëʽ¹ÛÓ°¡£Ñ¡Ôñ¹âÏ߿ɿصÄÇéÐÎԢĿ¸ßÇå°æ±¾£¬×¢Öز¶»ñé½é½Ã׿ռäÄÚ±»ÈìñÞÖåµÄ½¥±äÀú³Ì£¬ÕâЩÊÓ¾õÏßË÷°µº¬½ÇÉ«ÐÄÀíת±ä¡£µ±Ê¹ÓÃÖÇÄܵçÊÓµÄÖ¡ÔÝÍ£¹¦Ð§Ê±£¬¿ÉÇåÎú·¢Ã÷µ¼ÑÝÔÚÐþ¹Ø³¡¾°ÖпÌÒâ±£´æµÄÐé½¹¾µÍ·£¬ÌåÏÖ׿ÒÍ¥ÉñÃØµÄ²»¿ÉÑÔ˵¡£ÒÕÊõӰϷϲ»¶Õß»¹¿É±ÈÕÕ½ñ´å²ýƽ¡¶ÈÕ±¾À¥³æ¼Ç¡·ÖеÄÅ®ÐÔÐѾõÖ÷Ì⣬¹¹½¨ÍêÕûµÄÈÕ±¾ÐÂÀ˳±Ó°Ï·Æ×ϵÈÏÖª¡£
Õⲿ³ÐÔØ×ÅÕѺÍʱ´ú¾«ÉñÀ§¾ÖµÄ»éÒöÔ¢ÑÔ£¬ÔÚÊý×ÖÐÞ¸´ÊÖÒյļӳÖÏ»À·¢ÐÂÉú¡£Ó°Æ¬ÖÐØøÙ³Ö®°®µÄ˺ÁÑÓëÖØ¹¹£¬ÊµÔòΪÏÖ´úÈËÌṩÁËÒ»ÃæÉóÔÄ×ÔÉíÇéÐ÷¹ØÏµµÄÀâ¾µ¡£Í¨¹ýÕýµ±Ó°ÊÓÆ½Ì¨Ô¢Ä¿¡¶ÕѺͱ³µÂĽÇé:˺ÁÑµÄØøÙ³Ö®°®¡·¸ßÇåÍêÕû°æÊ±£¬Çë¹Ø×¢ÄÇЩÇÄÈ»ÖеľªÀ×ʱ¿Ì£¬»òÐíij¸ö²èÍëÇáßµµÄÉùÏ죬¾Í»áßµ¿ªÄãÉî²ØµÄÇéÐ÷ÃØ¾³¡£ÇмÇ×ðÖØ°æÈ¨£¬Í¨¹ýÕý¹æÇþµÀ»ñÈ¡ÓÅÖʹÛÓ°ÌåÑé¡£ »î¶¯£º¡¾ÕѺͱ³µÂĽÇé˺ÁÑµÄØøÙ³Ö®°®¸ßÇåÍêÕû°æÔÚÏßÃâ·ÑԢĿ-·¬ÇÑ¡¿ ÕѺÍʱÆÚÓ°ÊÓ×÷Æ·ÖÐËÜÔìµÄ±³µÂ¶ùϱÐÎÏ󣬳£Òý·¢¹ÛÖÚ¶Ô¼ÒÍ¥Â×ÀíµÄÉî¶È˼Ë÷¡£±¾ÎĽ«Í¨¹ýÓ°ÊÓÒÕÊõÑо¿Êӽǣ¬ÏµÍ³ÆÊÎö¸ÃÎÄѧÒâÏóµÄ´´×÷Åä¾°¡¢½ÇÉ«¹ØÏµÍ¼Æ×¼°ÎÄ»¯ÏóÕ÷ÒâÒ壬֨µã̽Ѱ¾µä¾ç×÷ÖÐ"ÎÊÌâ¶ùϱ"ÅäżµÄÉ趨Âß¼ÓëÒÕÊõÌåÏÖÊÖ·¨£¬Í¬Ê±¾ÍÏà¹Ø¾çÕյĻñÈ¡ÇþµÀÓë½â¶ÁÒªÁì¾ÙÐÐרҵ˵Ã÷¡£ÕѺÍÂ×Àí¾çµÄÎÄ»¯Óï¾³Óë½ÇÉ«ÔÐÍ
ÕѺÍʱÆÚµÄ¼ÒÍ¥Â×Àí¾ç£¨1930-1980£©Éî¿Ì·´Ó¦ÁËÕ½ááÈÕ±¾Éç»áתÐÍÆÚµÄ¼Òͥì¶Ü¡£Ëùν"±³µÂ¶ùϱ"£¨Æ·µÂÆ«ÀëÐÍϱ¸¾½ÇÉ«£©ÍùÍùÉ趨Ϊ¼ÞÈë¹Å°å¼ÒÍ¥µÄÏÖ´úÅ®ÐÔ£¬ÆäÅäżÉí·Ýͨ³£×ñÕÕÈýÀàµä·¶Ä£Ê½£º·â½¨¼Ò³¤ÖƼÌÐøÕß¡¢Õ½ÕùÐÒ´æÕß»òÆóÒµÎäÊ¿£¨¥µ¥é¥ê©`¥Þ¥ó£©¡£ÕâÀà½ÇÉ«µÄ»éÒö¹ØÏµ¹¹½¨£¬ÊµÖÊÊǹŰåÓëÏÖ¼ÛǮֵ¹ÛÅöײµÄ¾ßÏó»¯ÌåÏÖ¡£¹ÛÖÚÃÇÊÇ·ñ˼Ë÷¹ý£¬±à¾çΪºÎÒª¸¶ÓëÕâЩÕÉ·òÌØ¶¨µÄÖ°ÒµÉí·Ý£¿
¾µä¾ç×÷ÖеÄÅäżÐÎÏóÆÊÎö
ÔÚ1978ÄêNHK¾ç×÷¡¶Ëĵþ°ëµÄÔ¼Êø¡·ÖУ¬ÆðÒå¶ùϱÃÀ´ú×ÓµÄÕÉ·ò±»Éè¶¨ÎªÒøÐÐÖвãÖÎÀíÕß¡£ÕâÖÖְҵѡÔñ¾ßÓÐË«ÖØÒþÓ÷£º¼È´ú±íÌåÖÆÄÚµÄȨÍþʵÁ¦£¬ÓÖ°µÓ÷¾¼Ã¸ßËÙÉúÄ;õÄÖ°³¡Ò컯Õ÷Ïó¡£ÕâÀàÅ俵Ĵò°çÔìÐͶà½ÓÄÉÊØ¾ÉµÄÈý¼þÌ×Î÷×°£¬ÓëÆÞ×ÓʱÉеÄÑó×°ÐγÉÊÓ¾õ±ÈÕÕ¡£×¨ÒµÑо¿ÏÔʾ£¬ÕѺÍÂ×Àí¾ç70%µÄÄÐÐÔ½ÇÉ«½ÓÄÉÖо°Àο¿¾µÍ·ÅÄÉ㣬ÕâÓëÕÉ·ò½ÇÉ«ÔÚ¼ÒÍ¥ÖеÄ"ÊÓ²ìÕß"¶¨Î»Ç×½üÏà¹Ø¡£
¾çÕÕ×ÊÁϵÄÏóÕ÷ÐÔ½â¶ÁÒªÁì
ÏÖ´æµÄÕѺÍÂ×Àí¾ç¾çÕÕÖУ¬ØøÙ³Í¬¿ò»Ãæ±£´æÏÔ×ŵĹ¹Í¼¼ÍÂÉ¡£Õ䲨ÓÚ¹úÁ¢Ó³»µµ°¸¹ÝµÄ¡¶Ñª×å¡·¾çÕÕÏÔʾ£¬ÕÉ·ò³£±»ÖÃÓÚ»Ãæ×ó²à£¨¹Å°åÎÄ»¯·½Î»£©£¬ÉíÌå×Ë̬¶à³ÊÎ£×øµÄÎȹÌÈý½ÇÐνṹ£¬¶øÆÞ×ÓÔòÒÔÇúÏß¹¹Í¼·ºÆðÔÚ»ÃæÓÒ·½¡£ÕâÖÖÊÓ¾õÓïÑÔÉî¿ÌÒþÓ÷׏ŰåÐÔ±ð½ÇÉ«µÄ¿Õ¼ä·ÖÅÉ¡£ÒÕÊõѧÕß½¨Òé½ÓÄÉ·ûºÅѧҪÁìÆÊÎöÖ«ÌåÓïÑÔ£ºÕÉ·ò½ô¿ÛµÄË«ÊÖÌåÏÖÑ¹ÖÆ£¬ÆÞ×ÓÑïÆðµÄϰÍÔòÏóÕ÷¶Ô¿¹¡£
Ó°Ïñ×ÊÁϵĻñÈ¡ÓëÅжÏÒªµã
±æÊ¶ÕѺÍʱÆÚÂ×Àí¾ç¾çÕÕÐèÕÆÎÕÈýÒªËØ£ºÊ±´úÌØÕ÷±³¾°£¨Èç°«½Å²Í×À£©¡¢Ìض¨ÄêÔÂÒÂÊΣ¨¹ýÏ¥A×Öȹ£©£¬ÒÔ¼°½ºÆ¬¿ÅÁ£ÖʸС£ÖµµÃ×¢ÖØµÄÊÇ£¬ÉÏÊÀ¼Í70ÄêÔÂááÆÚ×îÏÈ·ºÆð²ÊÉ«¾çÕÕ£¬Ðèͨ¹ýÉ«²Ê±¥ºÍ¶ÈÅжÏÏêϸÄêÔ¡£¶«¾©Ó°ÊÓ×ÊÁϹÝÏÖ²ØÓÐ1200ÓàÕÅδ¹ûÕæ¾çÕÕ£¬ÆäÖаüÀ¨¶à¸ö"±³µÂ¶ùϱ"½ÇÉ«µÄ¼ÒÍ¥ÉúÑij¡¾°¡£ÕâЩÕä¹óÓ°ÏñÔõÑùÌåÏÖÕÉ·ò½ÇÉ«µÄÇéÐ÷ת±ä¹ì¼££¿
Â×Àí¾çÈËÎïµÄÉç»áͶÉäÆÊÎö
´óÚæ´óѧÉç»áÒâÀíѧÑо¿ÏÔʾ£¬ÕѺͱ³µÂ¶ùϱ¼°ÆäÅäżµÄÐÎÏóËÜÔ죬׼ȷͶÉäÁËÆäʱ43%¶¼»á¼ÒÍ¥±£´æµÄ´ú¼Ê³åÍ»¡£ÕÉ·ò½ÇÉ«µÄÏû¼«ÌåÏÖ£¬ÏÖʵÉÏ·´Ó¦ÁËÈÕ±¾Ö°³¡ÄÐÐÔÔÚÖÕÉí¹ÍÓ¶ÖÆÏµľ«ÉñÄæ¾³¡£µä·¶Èç¡¶ÕѺͼÒ×å¡·ÖеÄÌ«ÀɽÇÉ«£¬Æä°ì¹«ÊÒ³¡¾°Óë¼ÒÍ¥³¡¾°µÄ´ò°çʼÖÕÕûÆëÆëÕû£¬ÌåÏÖ½ÇÉ«ÎÞ·¨Çø·ÖÉç»áÉí·ÝÓë¼ÒÍ¥Éí·ÝµÄÐÄÀí״̬¡£
ÏÖ´úÊÓ½ÇϵÄÒÕÊõ¼ÛÖµÖØ¹À
½ñÊÀÑо¿Õß×îÏÈÖØÐÂÉóÔÄÕâЩÂ×Àí¾ç×÷µÄÀúÊ·¼ÛÖµ¡£ÕÉ·ò½ÇÉ«¿´Ëƿ̰åµÄÑݳöģʽÖУ¬ÏÖʵÔ̺¬×ŶÔÄÐÐÔÉç»áÔðÈεÄÉî²ãÅúÅС£2021Ä꾩¶¼Ó°Õ¹ÌØÊâÉèÖÃÁË"±»Îó½âµÄÕÉ·òÃÇ"µ¥Î»£¬Õ¹³ö°üÀ¨¡¶ÆÅϱսÕù¡·ÄÐÖ÷½ÇÈý¶È»ñµÃ×î¼ÑÅä½ÇÌáÃûµÄÕä¹óÊ·ÁÏ¡£²ßÕ¹ÈËÌØÊâÖ¸³ö£¬ÕâÀà½ÇÉ«¾²Ö¹µÄÑݳö·½·¨Ç¡ÊÇÚ¹ÊÍÒþÈÌÃÀѧµÄ¹æ·¶¡£
ͨ¹ý¶ÔÕѺͱ³µÂ¶ùϱ¸¾µÄÀϹ«ÊÇËÕÕÆ¬µÄϵͳÑо¿£¬ÎÒÃDz»µ«ÄÜ»¹ÔÌØ¶¨ÀúʷʱÆÚµÄ¼ÒÍ¥Â×Àí¹Û£¬¸üÄÜÃ÷È·Ó°ÊÓ´´ÞÏÞεóÄÑÉç»á±äǨµÄÃôÈñ²¶»ñ¡£ÕâЩ³ÐÔØÎÄ»¯Ó°ÏóµÄÓ°Ïñ×ÊÁÏ£¬Ò»Á¬ÎªÏÖ´ú¹ÛÖÚÌṩÉóÔÄ»éÒö¹ØÏµµÄÆæÒìÊӽǣ¬ÆäÒÕÊõ¼ÛÖµÓëÀúÊ·ÒâÒåÖµµÃÒ»Á¬ÉîÈëÍÚ¾ò¡£